Efficacy of Respiratory Muscle Training in the Immediate Postoperative Period of Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of respiratory muscle training during the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, functional capacity, and length of hospital stay. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search on PubMed®, Excerpta Medica Database (or Embase), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (or CINAHL), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed. A combination of free-text words and indexed terms referring to cardiac surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, respiratory muscle training, and clinical trials was used. A total of 792 studies were identified; after careful selection, six studies were evaluated. Results: The studies found significant improvement after inspiratory muscle training (IMT) (n = 165, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.68, 21.99) and expiratory muscle training (EMT) (n = 135, 95% CI 8.59, 27.07) of maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure, respectively. Also, IMT increased significantly (95% CI 19.59, 349.82, n = 85) the tidal volume. However, no differences were found in the peak expiratory flow, functional capacity, and length of hospital stay after EMT and IMT. Conclusion: IMT and EMT demonstrated efficacy in improving respiratory muscle strength during the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. There was no evidence indicating the efficacy of IMT for pulmonary function and length of hospital stay and the efficacy of EMT for functional capacity.

Analysis of factors affecting length of hospital stay after Sun's procedure in patients with type A aortic coarctation based on LASSO regression / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the factors affecting the length of hospitalization after the Sun's procedure in patients with type A aortic coarctation. 【Methods】 From January 2018 to June 2023, the clinical data, related laboratory indicators and perioperative blood transfusion data of patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent Sun's procedure in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were collected. LASSO regression was used to screen the characteristics related to the length of hospital stay, and linear regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for prolonged length of hospital stay. 【Results】 The statistical analysis of 242 patients showed that the amount of red blood cell transfusion, plasma transfusion, platelet transfusion and autologous blood transfusion were the influencing factors of the length of hospital stay in patients with type A aortic dissection after operation. The total sum of squared deviations of the linear regression equation fitting the total length of hospital stay was statistically significant (F= 10.504, P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 Perioperative red blood cell transfusion,plasma transfusion,platelet transfusion and autologous blood transfusion are risk factors for prolonged postoperative hospitalization in patients undergoing the Sun's procedure for type A aortic coarctation. Control of operation time and reduction of intraoperative blood loss may help to prevent prolonged postoperative hospital stay and other adverse conditions.

Etiological profile, prescribing pattern of antibiotics and clinical outcomes of pneumonia patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India during 5-year period

Background: Pneumonia is one of the most important and serious lower respiratory tract infections, which requires implacable attention. This work aimed to document the causative organisms, antibiotics used, and outcome of pneumonia patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the medical departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital for 5 years. Demographic details and clinical details including pertinent laboratory values of patients diagnosed with pneumonia were documented and analyzed using a specifically designed data collection form. Results: The study was conducted on 190 patients. The average age of the study population was 56.7 ± 22.6 years and there was a male preponderance of 111(58.4%) patients. Klebsiella pneumonia was found to be the most frequently isolated pathogen in 12.5% of the sputum culture, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii in 10.22% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 9.09%. The most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotics were beta-lactam antibiotics mostly in combination with macrolides for synergy irrespective of Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) classes. Definitive therapy was classified based on World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics, watch category antibiotics were prescribed according to culture report and reserve antibiotics were prescribed only in those cases where watch category antibiotics were resistant. On analyzing PSI of community-acquired pneumonia (176 patients), most of the patients in the study belong to class 4: 61 patients (34.7%) and class 5: 44 patients (25%). For the high-risk patients (PSI class 4 and 5), mortality was approximately 3.8% (4 of 105) and for low-risk patients, there was zero mortality reported within 30 days. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the major pathogens causing Pneumonia in the study site contradictory to the data from developed countries. Identifications of pathogens and appropriate antibiotic therapy based on PSI score can bring down the duration of hospital stay and mortality of patients with pneumonia.

Effect of ABO blood groups on length of hospital stay according to age in Covid-19 patients

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral disease with person-to-person transmission that has spread to many countries since the end of 2019. Although many unknowns were resolved within a year and the vaccine is available, it is still a major global health problem. Objective COVID-19 infection may present with a considerably wide spectrum of severity and host factors play a significant role in determining the course of the disease. One of these factors is blood groups. Based on previous experience, it is believed that the ABO blood group type affects prognosis, treatment response and length of stay in the hospital. In this study, our aim was to evaluate whether the blood group had an effect on the length of the hospital stay. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have assessed the effect of ABO blood groups, as well as age, on the length of the hospital stay in these settings. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 969 patients admitted to our hospital between March 15, 2020 and May 15, 2020 were evaluated. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to ABO blood groups. The effect of the ABO blood group by age on the course of the disease, need for intensive care, duration of hospitalization and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection, especially in geriatric patients, was evaluated. Results Of all the patients, 9.1% required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), of whom 83% died. The average length of ICU stay was 11 days (0 - 59). The observed mortality rates in blood groups A, B, AB and 0 were 86.4%, 93.3%, 80.0% and 70.8%, respectively, indicating similar death rates in all ABO blood types. When the Rh phenotype was taken into consideration, no significant changes in results were seen. Conclusion As a result, we could not observe a significant relationship between blood groups and clinical outcomes in this study, which included a sample of Turkish patients with COVID-19.

Analysis of relevant factors of death cases in pediatric intensive care units in Guiyang City in 2017 / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:The epidemiological characteristics of PICU deaths in 2017 in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital, and Guiyang Children′s Hospital were summarized and analyzed to provide a basis for formulating intervention measures to effectively reduce the mortality rate of children.Methods:The clinical datas of PICU deaths in three tertiary hospitals in 2017 were collected retrospectively.The cases were divided according to different ages and lengths of hospitalization.And gender, age, length of death, length of hospitalization, and death diseases were summarized and analyzed.Results:In 2017, the PICU of the three tertiary hospitals admitted 2 092 children, of which 139 (6.64%) died, including 84 males and 55 females.The months with the highest case fatality rates were January, February, July and August.The fatality rates were 9.14% (18/197), 9.04% (15/166), 13.25% (20/151), 7.93% (13/164), respectively.There was statistically significant difference in the mortality of children admitted in each month ( P=0.038). Among the death cases, the infant group (29 days to 1 year old) accounted for the largest proportion with 58 cases (41.73%), followed by the preschool group (3 to 7 years old) with 37 cases (26.62%), the infant group (1 to 3 years old) with 24 cases(17.27%), and the school-age group (7 to 14 years old) with 20 cases(14.38%). The top three death diseases were: 39 cases (28.06%) of bronchial pneumonia (severe), 28 cases (20.14%) of hematological tumors and solid tumors, and 23 cases (16.55%) of trauma.The difference of its distribution in different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.05). The patients were divided into four groups according to the length of hospital stay.The time ≤1 d group had the highest mortality of 54 cases (38.85%), -3 d group and -7 d group both had 32 cases (23.02%), the >7 d group had the lowest mortality of 21 cases (15.11%). Conclusion:In 2017, January, February and July, August are the peak months of deaths in PICUs in Guizhou, with the highest number of infant deaths.Bronchial pneumonia(severe), hematological tumors and solid tumors, and trauma are the top three death diseases.

Effect of hypophosphatemia on the prognosis of critically ill patients / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the impact of hypophosphatemia on the occurrence and prognosis of critically ill patient.Methods:The clinical data of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Tianjin First Central Hospital from October 2021 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into hypophosphatemia group (serum phosphorus level < 0.80 mmol/L) and non-hypophosphatemia group (serum phosphorus level ≥ 0.80 mmol/L) when they were admitted to the ICU. The following variables were also collected, including gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHE Ⅱ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), serum phosphorus level, serum calcium level, serum magnesium level, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), lymphocyte count (LYM), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), presence of infection and infection site, length of hospital stay, ICU stay, 28-day mortality, and mechanical ventilation time. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between each variable and the 28-day mortality. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the predictive value of serum phosphorus levels for the prognosis of ICU patients. Results:A total of 263 patients were enrolled, including 54 patients with hypophosphatemia and 209 patients without. The SOFA score, LYM level and the infection rate of patients in the hypophosphatemia group were significantly higher than those in the non-hypophosphatemia group [SOFA score: 6.70±3.17 vs. 5.64±3.59, LYM (×10 9/L): 0.99±0.54 vs. 0.77±0.54, infection rate: 77.78% (42/54) vs. 59.33% (124/209), all P < 0.05], the NLR was significantly lower than that of the non-hypophosphatemia group [10.67 (7.08, 18.02) vs. 12.25 (7.25, 21.68), P < 0.05]. The length of hospital stay, ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation duration in the hypophosphatemia group were significantly longer than those in the non-hypophosphatemia group [length of hospital stay (days): 15 (11, 28) vs. 12 (6, 21), length of ICU stay (days): 10.35±7.80 vs 7.15±6.61, mechanical ventilation duration (days): 3 (0, 12) vs. 2 (0, 5), all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality between the hypophosphatemia group and the non-hypophosphatemia group [9.26% (5/54) vs. 11.00% (23/209), P > 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ score [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.188, 95% CI was 1.110-1.271], CRP ( OR = 1.016, 95% CI was 1.007-1.026), and NLR ( OR = 1.002, 95% CI was 0.996-1.008) were independent risk factors affecting the 28-day mortality of critically ill patients in ICU (all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of serum phosphorus levels for predicting the length of hospital stay of critically ill patients in ICU > 10 days, ICU stay > 5 days, and mechanical ventilation duration > 5 days were 0.701 (95% CI was 0.632-0.770), 0.771 (95% CI was 0.691-0.852), 0.617 (95% CI was 0.541-0.692), respectively, all P < 0.01. Conclusion:Hypophosphatemia has some predictive value for the length of hospital and ICU stay and mechanical ventilation time in critically ill patients, but it cannot predict the 28-day mortality.

Saúde emocional materna e tempo de internação de neonatos / Maternal emotional health and length of hospital stay

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever indicadores de saúde emocional de mães de bebês internados, considerando o tempo de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Participaram 50 mães de bebês que estavam internados na UTIN da Maternidade Santa Isabel, em Bauru, SP. Para a caracterização da amostra utilizou-se de um questionário sociodemográfico com informações sobre as mães e os bebês. Para a avaliação da saúde emocional materna utilizou-se da Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS - 14), o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II). As mães responderam aos instrumentos em seus quartos ou nas dependências da UTI. Os resultados apontaram para índices mais altos de estresse (38%), ansiedade traço (54%) e ansiedade estado (64%). Das mães, 56% apresentaram dois ou mais indicadores clínicos de saúde emocional. Quanto maior o tempo de internação maior a depressão e a ansiedade estado. Os resultados sugerem atenção terapêutica às mães de bebês em UTIN.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to describe the emotional health indicators of mothers of hospitalized infants, considering the length of hospital stay in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Fifty mothers of babies who were admitted to the NICU of the Maternidade Santa Isabel, in Bauru, SP, participated. To characterize the sample, a sociodemographic questionnaire was used with information about mothers and babies. For the evaluation of maternal emotional health, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used. Mothers responded to the instruments in their rooms or ICU facilities. The results pointed to higher rates of stress (38%), trait anxiety (54%) and state anxiety (64%). Of the mothers, 56% had two or more clinical indicators of emotional health. The longer the hospitalization time the greater the depression and the anxiety state. The results suggest therapeutic attention to the mothers of infants in NICUs.

Assessing risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization associated with Clostridioides difficile infection in four Latin American countries

ABSTRACT Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in Western countries. Risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization for CDI in Latin America are poorly understood. This study assessed risk factors and burden associated with nosocomial CDI in four Latin American countries. Methods: This retrospective, case-control study used databases and medical records from 8 hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico to identify nosocomial CDI cases from 2014 − 2017. Cases were patients aged ≥18 years with diarrhea and a positive CDI test ≥72 h after hospital admission. Two controls (without diarrhea; length of hospital stay [LOS] ≥3 days; admitted ±14 days from case patient; shared same ward) were matched to each case. CDI-associated risk factors were assessed by univariate and multivariable analyses. CDI burden (LOS, in-hospital mortality) was compared between cases and controls. Results: The study included 481 cases and 962 controls. Mean age and sex were similar between cases and controls, but mean Charlson comorbidity index (4.3 vs 3.6; p< 0.001) and recent hospital admission (35.3% vs 18.8%; p< 0.001) were higher among cases. By multivariable analyses, CDI risk was associated with prior hospital admission within 3 months (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97), recent antibiotic use (ie, carbapenem; OR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.75, 4.64), acid suppressive therapy use (OR, 1.71; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.58), and medical conditions (ie, renal disease; OR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.85). In-hospital mortality rate (18.7% vs 6.9%; p< 0.001) and mean overall LOS (33.5 vs 18.8 days; p< 0.001) were higher and longer, respectively, in cases versus controls. Conclusion: Antibiotic exposure, preexisting medical conditions, and recent hospital admission were major risk factors for CDI in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. CDI was associated with increased in-hospital risk of death and longer LOS. These findings are consistent with published literature in Western countries.

Application study of early removal of drainage tube in rapid recovery of patients with thyroid cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application effect of early removal of drainage tube in rapid postoperative recovery of patients with thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 90 thyroid cancer patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected and divided into a control group and a study group according to the order of operation time. Patients in the control group were given routine extubation, and patients in the study group were removed early during rapid recovery after surgery. The complication rate, postoperative hospital stay, satisfaction, extubation time distribution, and drainage port healing rate 3 days after surgery were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:In the study group, the incidence of complications after drainage tube removal during rapid recovery after surgery was 6.7% (3/45), which was significantly lower than that of the control group, 26.7% (12/45), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 6.48, P <0.05). The postoperative hospital stay in the study group was (3.25±0.89) days, and the satisfaction score was (97.83±7.25), which was significantly shorter than the control group's (5.68±0.96) days and (92.36±12.19). The difference was statistically significant ( t value was 12.45, 2.59, P <0.05). Conclusions:Early removal of the drainage tube during rapid postoperative recovery of patients with thyroid cancer can effectively reduce the trauma of the drainage tube orifice, shorten the hospital stay, and improve patient satisfaction.

Fatores associados às internações de longa permanência em instituição hospitalar de alta complexidade / Factores asociados con hospitalizaciones de larga estancia en una institución hospitalaria de alta complejidad / Factors associated with long-term hospitalizations in a high complexity hospital institution

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados às internações hospitalares de longa permanência de pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em instituição de alta complexidade. Método: estudo transversal quantitativo a partir de dados secundários de internações hospitalares de 2013 a 2015. Calculou-se a razão de prevalência por Regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada. Resultados: das 12.689 internações nos anos de estudo, 645 foram de longa permanência (>30 dias), com uma prevalência de 5,1%. Predominaram entre o sexo masculino (62%), > 60 anos de idade (52,6%). As causas mais frequentes da hospitalização foram doenças do aparelho circulatório (33,5%) e causas externas (22,3%). O óbito ocorreu para 45,6%. Na análise bivariada, estiveram estatisticamente associadas às internações de longa permanência as variáveis: sexo, idade (60 anos e mais) o baixo ou a não escolaridade dos indivíduos, ser da 17ª regional de saúde, ter sido internado na especialidade neurocirurgia e ter necessitado de internação em UTI. No entanto, permaneceram no modelo final sexo masculino, residir na regional de saúde do município em análise e ter necessitado de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. (p<0,001). Conclusão: Estratégias de promoção da saúde voltadas à saúde do homem devem ser desenvolvidas pelo município, especialmente considerando que os mesmos são os que mais perdem a vida pela ausência de cuidados com a saúde e em decorrência dos agravos resultantes de causas externas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a las internaciones hospitalarias de larga estancia de pacientes atendidos por el Sistema Único de Salud en institución de alta complejidad. Método: estudio transversal cuantitativo a partir de datos secundarios de internaciones hospitalarias de 2013 a 2015. Se calculó la razón de prevalencia por Regresión de Poisson bruta y ajustada. Resultados: de las 12.689 internaciones en los años de estudio, 645 fueron de larga permanencia (>30 días), con una prevalencia de 5,1%. Predominaron entre el sexo masculino (62%), > 60 años de edad (52,6%). Las causas más frecuentes de la hospitalización fueron enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (33,5%) y causas externas (22,3%). El óbito ocurrió para 45,6%. En el análisis bivariado, estuvieron estadísticamente asociadas a las internaciones de larga estancia las variables: sexo, edad (60 años y más) la baja o la no escolaridad de los individuos, ser de la 17ª regional de salud, haber sido internado en la especialidad neurocirugía y haber necesitado de internación en UCI. Sin embargo, permanecieron en el modelo final sexo masculino, residir en la regional de salud del municipio en análisis y haber necesitado de internación en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. (p<0,001). Conclusión: Estrategias de promoción de la salud dirigidas a la salud del hombre deben ser desarrolladas por el municipio, especialmente considerando que los hombres son los que más pierden la vida por la ausencia de cuidados con la salud y en consecuencia de los agravios resultantes de causas externas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with long-term hospitalizations of patients treated by the Unified Health System in a highly complex institution. Method: it is a quantitative cross-sectional study based on secondary data on hospital admissions from 2013 to 2015. The prevalence ratio was calculated using crude and adjusted Poisson regression. Results: about the 12,689 hospitalizations during the years of study, 645 were long hospital stay (>30 days), with a prevalence of 5.1%. There was a predominance of males (62%),> 60 years-old (52.6%). The most frequent causes of hospitalization were diseases of the circulatory system (33.5%) and external causes (22.3%). Death occurred to 45.6%. In the bivariate analysis, the following variables were statistically associated with long-term hospitalizations: gender, age (60 years-old and over), low or uneducated individuals, being from the 17th Regional Health Department, having been admitted to the neurosurgery specialty and having needing ICU admission. However, the male gender remained in the final model, staying in the regional health department of the municipality under analysis and requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (p <0.001). Conclusion: Health promotion strategies aimed at men's health should be developed by the municipality, especially considering that they are the ones who most lose their lives due to the lack of health care and due to injuries resulting from external causes.

Fratura de fêmur nos idosos: tempo de espera cirúrgica e desfecho da hospitalização / Fractura de fémur en personas mayores: tiempo de espera quirúrgica y desenlace de la hospitalización / Femoral fracture in the elderly: surgery waiting time and hospitalization outcome

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o tempo de espera para correção de fratura de fêmur, seus fatores associados e o desfecho de hospitalização. Método: Transversal exploratório, com a população de idosos ≥60 anos internados por fratura de fêmur no período de 2015 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados através do prontuário físico, com análises estatísticas considerando o nível de significância estatística de p<0,05. Resultados: Dos idosos estudados, 61,4% correspondem ao sexo feminino. Aqueles que permaneceram por mais do que sete dias à espera de cirurgia se associaram ao tempo de hospitalização maior do que 10 dias, lesão por pressão (p<0,001) e ao desfecho óbito (p=0,003). A média de permanência hospitalar foi de 13,8 dias e do tempo esperado pela cirurgia de 6,6 dias. A espera da realização do risco cirúrgico e vaga em unidade de terapia intensiva foram fatores que provocaram atraso na realização da cirurgia em 23,2% dos idosos. Conclusão: Esperar pela cirurgia por mais de sete dias aumentou o tempo de permanência hospitalar e a taxa de mortalidade. Além disso, a ausência de vaga de terapia intensiva e a espera pelo risco cirúrgico contribuíram para o atraso da cirurgia e seu desfecho.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el tiempo de espera para la corrección de fractura de fémur, sus factores asociados y el resultado de hospitalización. Método: transversal exploratorio, con la población de personas mayores ≥60 años internados por fractura de fémur en el período de 2015 a 2017. Los datos fueron recolectados a través del registro médico, con análisis estadísticos considerando el nivel de significancia estadística de p<0,05. Resultados: de los ancianos estudiados, 61,4% eran del sexo femenino. Aquellos que pasaron más de siete días a la espera de cirugía se asociaron al tiempo de hospitalización mayor que 10 días, lesión por presión (p<0,001) como desenlace el óbito (p=0,003). El promedio de permanencia hospitalaria fue de 13,8 días yel tiempo esperado por la cirugía de 6,6 días. La espera por la realización del riesgo quirúrgico y una cama en unidad de cuidados intensivos fueron factores que provocaron el retraso en la realización de la cirugía en 23,2% de los ancianos. Conclusión: esperar por la cirugía por más de siete días aumentó el tiempo de permanencia hospitalaria y la tasa de mortalidad. Además, la falta de camas en cuidados intensivos la espera por el riesgo quirúrgico contribuyeron para el retraso de la cirugía y su desenlace.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the waiting time for femoral fracture repair, its associated factors, and the outcome of hospitalization. Method: This is a cross-sectional exploratory study involving an elderly population aged ≥60 years old and admitted to hospital for femoral fracture from 2015 to 2017. Data were collected from physical medical records, with statistical analyses considering p < 0.05 as the level of statistical significance. Results: Of the studied elderly patients, 61.4% are female. Those who stayed for more than seven days waiting for surgery showed association with a hospital stay longer than 10 days, pressure injuries (p<0.001), and death as outcome (p=0.003). The average hospital stay was 13.8 days, and the expected time until surgery was 6.6 days. Waiting for the surgical risk assessment and waiting for a vacancy in the intensive care unit were factors that caused delay in the surgery among 23.2% of the elderly. Conclusion: Waiting for surgery for more than seven days increased the length of hospital stay and the mortality rate. In addition, the absence of intensive care unit beds and waiting for the surgical risk assessment contributed to the delay in the surgery and its outcome.

Effect of kangaroo mother care on the growth and morbidity pattern of low birth weight infants: a hospital based cross sectional study

Background: Kangaroo mother care provides Low birth weight babies with warmth, protection from infection and increases the success of breast feeding. Babies who had received KMC care were found to have better neurologic outcome. The aim of the study is to compare the outcome of Kangaroo mother care and conventional method of care among Low birth weight babies in terms of growth and reduction of morbidities such as length of hospital stay, hypothermia and hypoglycemia.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 48 neonates with a birth weight of <2000 grams. Out of them 24 babies received KMC and the other 24 babies were given conventional care with a radiant warmer. The weight gain, length of hospital stay, occurrence of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia were monitored for all babies till discharge.Results: Babies who received KMC had a better weight gain (21.11'2.8 grams/day) versus (15.61'2.6 grams/day) those who received conventional care, and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Kangaroo mother care provided a statistically significant reduction in the risk of having hypothermia (p=0.03) and hypoglycemia (p=0.04). The babies who received Kangaroo mother care had a shorter length of hospital stay and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.03).Conclusions: Kangaroo mother care improved the growth and reduced the problems of low birth weight babies such as hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and prolonged hospital stay. Hence, it should be recommended in the care of all these high-risk neonates.

Experiencia inicial en Buenos Aires con la cirugía transoral robótica (TORS) / Initial experience with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in Buenos Aires

Antecedentes: la cirugía robótica es una alternativa a la cirugía abierta, microcirugía láser CO2, o quimiorradioterapia en vía aerodigestiva superior. El robot permite trasladar la técnica quirúrgica abierta a un abordaje mínimamente invasivo, con acceso por boca, para patología benigna y maligna. Actualmente se emplean diferentes terapéuticas con similares resultados oncológicos. Objetivo: introducir una herramienta quirúrgica para abordaje bucal. Comunicar la experiencia inicial con el uso del robot. Evaluar la preservación de respiración y deglución. Analizar variables que determinaron una disminución en la hospitalización. Material y métodos: 13 mujeres y 11 hombres. Edad entre 16 y 82 años, media de 55,08. Total 24 pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria crónica (8), tumores benignos (4) y malignos (12). Variables consideradas en cirugía robótica: tiempo y lugar de internación, complicaciones, estado respiratorio y deglutorio, uso de técnicas reconstructivas. Se realizó videoendoscopia de deglución para objetivar la seguridad del método. Resultados: tiempo medio de internación: 1,92 días. El 83,3% internado 1 día. El 79,9% en internación general. Unidad cerrada: 20,1%. Ninguna traqueostomía. Cicatrización del lecho por segunda. Sin complicaciones. Edema de lengua: 2 pacientes. Conclusiones: la cirugía robótica favorece la exéresis con baja morbilidady máxima preservación de tejidos sanos. Disminuye: edema posoperatorio, uso colgajos para reparar el lecho, traqueotomía temporaria, tiempo de internación. La videoendoscopia de deglución demuestra utilidad para determinar la deglución segura. Limitante del presente trabajo es el tamaño de la muestra. Es importante incrementar el número de pacientes para valorizar supervivencia y calidad de vida.

Background: robotic surgery is an alternative to open surgery, CO2 laser microsurgery, or chemoradiation for the upper aero-digestive tract. This system allows surgeons to use the open surgical technique in a minimally invasive approach through the mouth to treat benign and malignant disorders. Different treatments are currently used with similar oncologic outcomes. Objective: the aim of this study was to introduce a surgical tool through transoral approach, report the initial experience with the use of the robotic system, evaluate respiratory and digestive functional preservation and analyze the variables associated with shorter hospital length of stay. Material and methods: A total of 24 patients (13 women and 11 men, mean age 55.08 years [16-82]) were included. Eight patients had chronic inflammatory disease, four had benign tumors and 12 had cancer. The variables considered in robotic surgery were hospital length of stay, place of postoperative care, complications, respiratory and swallowing function and use of reconstructive techniques. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was performed to document safe function. Results: mean length of stay was 1.92 days; 83.3% stayed for one day; 79.9% were admitted to the general ward and 20.1% stayed in intensive or intermediate care units. None of the patients required tracheostomy. Healing of the surgical bed occurred by secondary intention. There were no complications. Tongue edema occurred in two patients. Conclusions: robotic surgery favors tumor removal with low morbidity and maximum preservation of healthy tissues while reducing postoperative edema, use of flaps for reconstruction, temporary tracheostomy and hospital length of stay. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is useful to determine safe swallowing function. The main limitation of our study is the sample size. It is important to increase the number of patients to evaluate survival and quality of life.

A combination regimen by lopinave/litonawe (LPV/r), emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (FTC/TAF) for treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (TARCoV) / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the efficacy of a combination regimen by Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r), emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (FTC/TAF) for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP).@*Methods@#We design the protocol as a real world study, which includes two groups: prospective intervention cohort (T1) and historical control group (T2). For T1 group, ninety patients will be enrolled who are diagnosed as NCP. All patients in T1 group will receive standard therapies following the recommendation in the guidelines of National Commission of Health, and they will be administered an anti-virus regimen includes LPV/r and FTC/TAF. The T2 group will enroll patients who have received single regimen includes LPV/r. The major outcome is the survival rate of patients. Secondary outcomes are the time of seroconversion of RNA, ARDS progression rate and length of hospital stay.@*Conclusions@#The results of this real world study might provide clinical practitioners a high efficiency and fast antivirus regimen for NCP. In addition, the conduction of this study will accelerate screening for other new effective therapeutic method.

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of liver transplantation / 器官移植

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) refers to adopting a series of perioperative optimization measures to prevent or reduce the inflammatory stress response, promote rapid postoperative recovery of patients, shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, readmission rate and mortality rate. As the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation is characterized with difficult operation, long operation time, large amount of blood transfusion during operation and complicated postoperative management, etc. Postoperative recovery of liver transplantation is facing great challenges. In this article, research progresses on the application of ERAS in the perioperative period of liver transplantation and the suggestions for the implementation of ERAS during this period were introduced.

Effect of early enteral nutrition on outcomes of trauma patients requiring intensive care / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition on outcomes of trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of trauma patients in the ICU of Daping Hospital, China from January 2012 to December 2017 was retrospectively analyzed, including patient age, gender, injury mechanism, injury severity score (ISS), nutritional treatment, postoperative complications (wound infection, abdominal abscess, anastomotic rupture, pneumonia), mortality, and adverse events (nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention). Only adult trauma patients who developed bloodstream infection after surgery for damage control were included. Patients were divided into early enteral nutrition group (48 h). Data of all trauma patients were collected by the same investigator. Data were expressed as frequency (percentage), mean ± standard deviation (normal distribution), or median (Q, Q) (non-normal distribution) and analyzed by Chi-square test, Student's t-test, or rank-sum test accordingly. Multiple logistic regression analysis was further adopted to investigate the significant variables with enteral nutrition.@*RESULTS@#Altogether 876 patients were assessed and 110 were eligible for this study, including 93 males and 17 females, with the mean age of (50.0 ± 15.4) years. Traffic accidents (46 cases, 41.8%) and fall from height (31 cases, 28.2%) were the dominant injury mechanism. There were 68 cases in the early enteral nutrition group and 42 cases in the control group. Comparison of general variables between early enteral nutrition group and control group revealed significant difference regarding surgeries of enterectomy (1.5% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.01), ileum/transverse colon/sigmoid colostomy (4.4% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.01) and operation time (h) (3.2 (1.9, 6.1) vs. 4.2 (1.8, 8.8), p = 0.02). Other variables like ISS (p = 0.31), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation≥20 (p = 0.79), etc. had no obvious difference. Chi-square test showed a much better result in early enteral nutrition group than in control group regarding morality (0 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.03), length of hospital stay (days) (76.8 ± 41.4 vs. 81.4 ± 44.7, p = 0.01) and wound infection (10.3% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of wound infection was related to the duration required to achieve the enteral nutrition standard (OR = 1.095, p = 0.002). Seventy-six patients (69.1%) achieved the nutritional goal within a week and 105 patients (95.5%) in the end. Trauma patients unable to reach the enteral nutrition target within one week were often combined with abdominal infection, peritonitis, bowel resection, intestinal necrosis, intestinal fistula, or septic shock.@*CONCLUSION@#Early enteral nutrition for trauma patients in the ICU is correlated with less wound infection, lower mortality, and shorter hospital stay.

Utility of Procalcitonin Test in Appropriate Antibacterial Choice: Retrospective Evaluation

Background: Procalcitonin testing (PCT) demonstrates its effectiveness for specifically diagnosing bacterial infections, as it is elevated in bacterial infections but not viral infections. Its clinical usefulness has been shown with antibiotic selection for different infections. Methods: This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate PCT test clinical utility in reducing the use of antibiotics, and the length of hospital stays. The study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia included a total of 660 patients who were ordered procalcitonin test. Results: Subjects were grouped according to PCT level. All patients with PCT level ≥ 0.1 ng/ml (n=457) are qualified to receive antibiotic treatments. A total of 75.7% were prescribed antibiotics. The length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients who received antibiotics was statistically significantly higher than patients who did not receive any antibiotics (LOS 32.7 vs. 65.1 days, p-value=0.01). However all patients with PCT level <0.1ng/mL (n=203) show no statistically significant difference in the length of stay at hospital among patients who were prescribed an antibiotic or not (p-value=0.64). Only 31% of this group has inappropriately prescribed an antibiotic. Another infection precursor-like WBC count was also evaluated with no significant differences among groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the utilization of PCT guided antibiotic prescribing reduces the length of stay and reduces antibiotic use. PCT guided antibiotic prescribing can be utilized efficiently in hospital settings.

Risk factors analysis of prolonged length of hospital stay after lobectomy for lung cancer patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To analyze the risk factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay (PLOS) after lobectomy for lung cancer patients. Methods     The clinical records of 771 lung cancer patients undergoing lobectomy between May 2012 and June 2016 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to different length of hospital stay (LOS), 771 patients were divided into two groups, a normal LOS group and a PLOS group. In the normal LOS group, there were 551 patients including 234 females and 317 males with a median age of 59 years, whose LOS was shorter than 8.0 days. In the PLOS group, there were 220 patients including 72 females and 148 males with a median age of 60 years, whose LOS was no less than 8.0 days. Then, we analyzed the independent risk factors of PLOS by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results     Univariate analysis showed that risk factors for PLOS included male, arrhythmias and atrioventricular block, smaller FVC%, unilateral pneumonectomy, operation and anesthesia duration, intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissection in the operation (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age ≥75 years (OR=4.100, 95%CI 1.677 to 10.026), unilateral pneumonectomy (OR=2.563, 95%CI 1.473 to 4.460), FVC% < 89.05% (OR=1.500, 95%CI 1.020 to 2.206), numbers of lymph node dissection≥ 13.5 (OR=1.826, 95%CI 1.262 to 2.642), operation duration≥126.5 min (OR=1.858, 95%CI 1.200 to 2.876) and arrhythmia (OR=2.944, 95%CI 1.380 to 6.284) were independent risk factors of PLOS (all P<0.05). Conclusion     LOS is influenced by age, surgical type, FVC%, numbers of lymph node dissection, arrhythmia and operation duration. Careful assessment and appropriate management of risk factors are helpful to improve postoperative recovery after lobectomy for lung cancer patients.

A multicenter survey on changes in nutritional risk and malnutrition incidence of elderly patients in Chinese large hospitals during hospitalization / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the change of the nutritional status of elderly patients in Chinese major hospitals dynamically with nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and subjective global assessment (SGA) during hospitalization.Methods A prospective,multi-center survey was conducted on over 65 years old patients who were admitted in departments of gastroenterology,respiratory medicine,general surgery,geriatrics,thoracic surgery,neurology,orthopedics and medical oncology of 9 large hospitals in China for 7-30 days between June 2014 and September 2014.On admission and within 24 hours after discharge,the clinical data were recorded,physical indices were measured,and laboratory examination were conducted.NRS 2002 and SGA were used to make an evaluation.The nutritional supports and clinical outcomes were also recorded and then the correlation between nutritional status and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results A total of 2558 patients above 65 years old were included into the study.Compared with their status on admission,their grip strength,upper arm circumference and crural circumference were reduced significantly at discharge (P＜0.05).The total protein,albumin and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower than those on admission (P＜0.05).The incidence of nutritional risk (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3) and malnutrition (SGA B + C) on admission were lower than those at discharge (51.1％ vs 53.0％,32.6％ vs 35.6％).The hospitalization time and medical expenses were higher in patients with malnutrition on admission than in those with normal nutrition intakes.The nutritional status at discharge was negatively correlated with hospitalization time and medical expenses.61.3％ patients having nutritional risk did not take nutritional support during the hospital stay,while utilization rate of parenteral nutrition was higher than that of enteral nutrition in patients receiving nutritional support (19.6％ vs 11.9％).Conclusion Elderly patients have higher possibilities of facing nutritional risk or malnutrition on admission,these are associated with poor clinical outcomes and their nutritional status will not improve significantly at discharge.Therefore,the screening and evaluation of nutritional status in elderly patients during hospitalization should be conducted and their nutritional intervention should be standardized so as to improve the clinical outcomes.

Correlação entre desempenho funcional e o tempo de permanência de pacientes neurocirúrgicos na unidade de terapia intensiva / Correlation between functional performance and length of stay of neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit

Introdução: Os pacientes neurocirúrgicos são predispostos a disfunções neurológicas inerentes à doença de base, às alterações sensório-motoras, cognitivas e tem sua mobilidade reduzida na fase aguda pós-operatória. Objetivo: Investigar a correlação entre desempenho funcional e o tempo de permanência de pacientes neurocirúrgicos na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e descrever a frequência de retirada do leito nesse período. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, de corte transversal, realizado em uma UTI cirúrgica de um hospital de alta complexidade da rede pública estadual em Salvador, Bahia. Foram incluídos indivíduos adultos submetidos a algum tipo de neurocirurgia, sendo excluídos aqueles transferidos para outra unidade ou hospital antes da alta. Retirou-se dos prontuários dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e sobre a retirada do leito. A medida de independência funcional (MIF) foi avaliada no momento da alta e a correlação com o tempo de internação na UTI foi verificada através do coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 26 pacientes, sendo 57,7% (15) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 37,2±12,9 anos. Foi observado que 56% (14) dos pacientes foram mobilizados em menos de 24 horas de internação da UTI e aqueles que não foram mobilizados durante o internamento tiveram como justificativa a restrição médica. Não houve correlação entre o escore funcional da MIF na alta com o tempo de internação na UTI (r= 0,3 p=0,11). Conclusão: A prática de retirada do leito foi iniciada dentro das 24 horas de internação na UTI, evidenciando um perfil de pacientes com independência funcional modificada ou completa na alta, entretanto sem correlação com o tempo de internação na UTI. [AU]

Introduction: Neurosurgical patients are predisposed to neurological dysfunctions inherent to baseline disease, sensory-motor and cognitive alterations, and their mobility is reduced in the acute postoperative phase. Objective: To investigate the correlation between functional performance and length of stay of neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to describe the frequency of bed removal in this period. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study performed at a surgical ICU of a highly complex hospital of the state public network in Salvador, Bahia. Adult subjects submitted to some type of neurosurgery were included, excluding those transferred to another unit or hospital before discharge. Sociodemographic, clinical data and bedside removal were removed from the medical records. The functional independence measure (FIM) was assessed at the time of discharge and the correlation with ICU length of stay was verified using the Spearman coefficient. Results: A total of 26 patients were included in the study, of which 57.7% (15) were females, with a mean age of 37.2 ± 12.9 years. It was observed that 56% (14) of the patients were mobilized in less than 24 hours of ICU admission and those who were not mobilized during hospitalization had medical justification. There was no correlation between the MIF functional score at discharge and the length of ICU stay (r = 0.3; p = 0.11). Conclusion: The practice of bed withdrawal was started within 24 hours of ICU stay, evidencing a profile of patients with modified or complete functional independence at discharge, but without correlation with the length of ICU stay. [AU]